回眸五十年

序

?1972年開始，在湖南長沙馬王堆先后發(fā)掘的三座西漢墓，是中國乃至世界考古史上的一次重要考古發(fā)現(xiàn)，受到國內(nèi)外的廣泛關(guān)注。2013年，馬王堆漢墓被列入第七批全國重點文物保護單位名單，2021年入選全國“百年百大考古發(fā)現(xiàn)”。墓中出土了3000多件珍貴文物，囊括了漆器、木器、絲綢、簡牘、帛畫等諸多種類，千年不腐的女尸辛追，更是舉世罕見。馬王堆漢墓不僅再現(xiàn)了轪侯家榮華富貴的生活景象，更詮釋了墓主人對多彩生命的想象和永生的追求。

造型渾厚的漆器，裝飾雅致，沉霾千年，仍光亮如新，器身上不僅可見“君幸食”、“君幸酒”、“一升半升”等墨書文字，更輔以精美無比的云氣、鳳鳥、神仙、怪獸等花紋，圖案生動，顏色艷麗。伴隨著各類動植物、食品、酒類被發(fā)現(xiàn)，結(jié)合遣冊中所載煮、蒸、烤、炸等烹飪手法，共同呈現(xiàn)出漢初貴族的家族食譜，飲食結(jié)構(gòu)之豐富，烹飪方式之多樣，至今看來仍令人驚嘆不已。

為永保軀體不朽，辛追身裹二十二層衣衾，華麗輕柔的絲綢，展示出漢代驚人的紡織技術(shù)。綺羅錦紗，印花敷彩，長壽乘云，在經(jīng)緯交錯之中，長沙國的織工精巧，盡收眼底。簡牘帛書，陰陽五行，《周易》《老子》，傳承著先人的學(xué)識與智慧。天文指北、軍陣壯威，導(dǎo)引養(yǎng)生、五星浸行，秦坑佚書，重見天日，再現(xiàn)光輝，引起不斷探索與無數(shù)解讀。

古尸為何千年不朽？白膏、木炭配合20米的埋葬深度，催生低氧密封的環(huán)境；含汞化物及氨基酸的棺液，殺菌防腐。巨槨彩棺，見證了生前之榮華富貴；T形帛畫，寄托了古人對生命的理解與釋讀。

2022年，適逢馬王堆漢墓發(fā)掘五十周年。蘇州博物館甄選文物精品160余件，包含漆器、木器、彩繪陶器、帛畫、帛書、簡牘、絲織品、牙角器、人俑、動植物標本等各個類別，著力重現(xiàn)雄渾而多彩的西漢物質(zhì)、精神圖景。在此，向湖南博物院的大力支持，表示誠摯的感謝！??????????

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蘇州博物館

二ｏ二二年十月

進入展廳

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Foreword

Three Western Han Dynasty tombs have been successively excavated at Mawangdui, Changsha in China’s Hunan Province since 1972. As an important archaeological discovery in Chinese and even world archaeological history, the tombs have drawn worldwide attention. Mawangdui Han Dynasty Tombs were listed as seventh batch of key cultural heritage sites under national level protection in 2013 and were shortlisted for “National Top 100 Archaeological Discoveries in Past 100 Years” in 2021. More than 3,000 rare cultural relics of various categories, ranging from lacquerwares, woodwares, silk, bamboo slips to silk paintings, were unearthed from the tombs, including the rarely seen remains of Xin Zhui that has remained unputrefied for thousand years. The discovery of Mawangdui Han Dynasty Tombs not only unveiled the luxurious life of Marquise Dai’s family, but also revealed the tomb owner’s imagination of the heaven and pursuit of eternal life.

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The unpretentious lacquerwares with elegant decoration are still shining brightly like new after buried underground for thousand years. On the lacquerwares, there are Chinese characters “Jun Xing Shi (Enjoy Your Foods)”, “Jun Xing Jiu (Enjoy Your Wine)”, “Yi Sheng Ban Sheng (One Litre and a Half in Han Dynasty)” written in ink, accompanied by exquisite and vivid patterns of clouds, phoenix, immortals and legendary animals in bright colors. From the various discovered animals, plants, foods and wines, and the records of cooking techniques, like boiling, steaming, roasting, deep frying, on bamboo slips, we can figure out the menu of aristocrat families in the early Han Dynasty. Even modern people would be marveled by the varied dietary structure and diversified cooking techniques at that time.

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To well preserve the remains, the body of Xin Zhui was covered with 22 burial clothes made of splendid and soft silk, revealing marvelous textile technology in the Han Dynasty. Fancy woven silk fabrics and brocades with colorful printings and embroidery patterns of Chinese character “Shou” (Longevity) and clouds fully reflect the elaborate and ingenious workmanship of weavers in Changsha Kingdom. Bamboo slips and silk fabrics, carrying the manuscripts of Yin-Yang and five elements, the Book of Changes and Lao Zi, passed on the wisdom and knowledge of our ancestors from generation to generation. The astronomic north-finder, the awe-inspiring battle formation, the instructions on health care, the records of the motion of the five planets, and the ancient books destroyed in the Qin Dynasty were brought to light and resumed their former brilliance, evoking people’s endless exploration and interpretation of them.

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Why the ancient corpses can remain unrotten for thousand years? A low-oxygen air tight environment with white paste and charcoal at burial depth of 20m, and antiseptic liquid containing mercury and amino acids inside the coffin are the answers. The giant outer coffin and the painted casket are the witnesses of the wealth and rank of the owner. The T-shaped silk paintings depicted the fascinating scene of ascension to heaven after death. The road to the heaven, from the mortal world to the celestial world, is attended by servants and surrounded by mythical beasts and is radiating with light of the sun and the moon, reflecting the unity of heaven and human and ancient people’s understanding and interpretation of life and death.

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2022 marks the 50th anniversary of the excavation of Mawangdui Han Dynasty Tombs. Availing this opportunity, Suzhou Museum well selected more than 160 cultural relics of various categories, including lacquerwares, woodwares, painted potteries, silk paintings, silk manuscripts, bamboo slips, silk fabrics, artifacts made of ivories and horns, wood figures, animal and plant specimens, to present a majestic and colorful material and spiritual picture of the Western Han Dynasty. Hereby, we would like to extend our heartfelt thanks to Hunan Museum for its substantial support for the exhibition.

Suzhou Museum

October, 2022